EINE UNVOREINGENOMMENE SICHT AUF SHISHA DICHTUNGEN ERSATZTEILE

Although the Safavid Shah ʿAbbās I strongly condemned tobacco use, towards the end of his reign smoking ḡalyāstickstoff and čopoq had become common on every level of the society, women included. Hinein schools, both teachers and students had ḡalyāns while lessons continued.[67] Shah Safi of Persia (r. 1629–42) declared a complete ban on